There are two different types of two wheel drive drive systems in use today. These are the posi-traction and the limited slip drive systems. These are also further divided into front and rear wheel drive systems. In posi-traction systems, usually rear wheel drive vehicles, both wheels receive an equal amount or torque, or drive force. In a limited slip system, the differential, or transaxle, senses when one wheel begins to slip and transfer torque to the other wheel, thus limiting the slippage and enhancing safety and controllability of the car for the driver.
For more info, see What Does “All Wheel Drive” Mean?